Steel is an essential and important material for national construction and the realization of the four modernizations. It is widely used and has a wide variety. According to the different cross-sectional shapes, steel is generally divided into four categories: profiles, plates, pipes and metal products. Light rail, large section steel, medium section steel, small section steel, steel cold-formed section steel, high-quality section steel, wire rod, medium and thick steel plate, thin steel plate, electrical silicon steel sheet, strip steel, seamless steel pipe, welded steel pipe, metal products and other varieties.
Steel is an iron-carbon alloy with a carbon content between 0.0218% and 2.11%. In order to ensure its toughness and plasticity, the carbon content generally does not exceed 1.7%. In addition to iron and carbon, the main elements of steel include silicon, manganese, sulfur, and phosphorus. There are various classification methods of steel, and the main methods are as follows:
1. Classification by quality
Ordinary steel: (P≤0.045%, S≤0.050%);
High-quality steel: (P, S≤0.035%);
High-grade high-quality steel: (P≤0.035%, S≤0.030%).
2. Classification by chemical composition
Carbon steel: a. Low carbon steel (C≤0.25%); b. Medium carbon steel (0.25≤C≤0.60%);
c. High carbon steel (C≥0.60%).
Low alloy steel (total content of alloying elements <5%); b. Medium alloy steel (5%≤total content of alloying elements≤10%); c. High alloy steel (total content of alloying elements>10%).
3. Classification by forming method: (1) forged steel; (2) cast steel; (3) hot rolled steel; (4) cold drawn steel.
4. Classification by metallographic organization
Annealed state: a. Hypo-eutectoid steel (ferrite + pearlite); b. eutectoid steel (pearlite); c. hypereutectoid steel (pearlite + cementite); d. ledeburite steel (Pearlite + Cementite).
Normalized state: a. pearlitic steel; b. bainitic steel; c. martensitic steel; d. austenitic steel. (3) No phase change or partial phase change
5. Classification by use
Engineering steel: a. ordinary carbon structural steel; b. low-alloy structural steel; c. reinforced steel.
Carburizing steel: a. Nitriding steel; b. Steel for surface quenching; c. Free-cutting structural steel; d. Steel for cold plastic forming: including steel for cold stamping and cold heading.
Carbon tool steel; a. alloy tool steel; b. high-speed tool steel.
Special performance steel: a. stainless acid-resistant steel; b. heat-resistant steel: including oxidation-resistant steel, heat-strength steel, valve steel; c. electrothermal alloy steel; d. wear-resistant steel; e. low-temperature steel; f. Electrical steel.
Steel for bridges, steel for ships, steel for boilers, steel for pressure vessels, steel for agricultural machinery, etc.
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